The Rules Behind CDL and Non-CDL Trucks
It might seem like the only difference between a CDL truck and non-CDL truck is the size and capacity, but determining the best option goes beyond size and has an impact on labor costs, regulatory requirements and operational flexibility. Here are some of the top questions fleets and drivers are asking as they decide which trucks best fit their operations.
What Is a CDL and When Is It Needed?
CDL is short for commercial driver’s license, and it is required to drive certain vehicles. A CDL requires a greater amount of driver training that is needed for a typical Class D driver’s license for driving a passenger vehicle. CDLs require specialized testing, ongoing compliance with state and federal regulatory requirements, and drivers may need additional certifications for handling specific types of freight and vehicle classes.
What Are the Different Classes of Commercial Driver’s Licenses?
Within the CDL category, commercial licenses are divided into three main classes:
- Class A licenses apply to combination vehicles with a combined gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001 pounds or more, such as tractor-trailers.
- Class B licenses cover single vehicles over 26,001 pounds, including large box trucks, dump trucks and buses.
- Class C licenses are required for smaller vehicles that transport hazardous materials or large numbers of passengers.
Each class may include additional endorsements for specialized cargo or vehicle types.
What Is the Difference Between a CDL Truck and a Non-CDL Truck?
The difference comes down to the truck’s regulatory classification and the GVWR, which is the maximum loaded weight allowed. A CDL truck is defined by federal and state law as a commercial vehicle with a GVWR that exceeds 26,001 pounds, carries large numbers of passengers or hauls regulated freight, such as hazardous materials. A non-CDL truck falls below those regulatory thresholds so it can be driven with a standard driver’s license, even if it is used for business purposes.
Here are some typical breakdowns:
| Truck Category | Typical Vehicles Included | GVWR | CDL Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light-duty | 12 foot cargo vans; high-roof cargo vans; 12 and 16 foot box trucks; 16 and 18 foot cabover trucks | Not specified but generally under 10,000 pounds | No |
| Medium-duty | 22 or 26 foot box trucks; 18 or 26 foot refrigerated trucks; 24 or 26 foot flatbed trucks | 26,000 pounds or less | No |
| Medium-duty | 22 or 26 foot box trucks; 18 or 26 foot refrigerated trucks; 24 or 26 foot flatbed trucks | 26,001 pounds or more | Yes |
| Heavy-duty | Single-axle and tandem-axle day cab tractors; tandem-axle sleeper cab tractors; 48 and 53 foot trailers | Heavy-duty range, typically 33,001 or more | Yes |
How Can Two Trucks That Are the Same Size Require Different Licenses?
This happens the most in the medium-duty segment. Two trucks that are physically identical may be built or configured differently, resulting in different GVWRs. A single pound is the difference between a truck anyone can drive and one that requires a CDL. If one truck is rated at 26,000 pounds, it can typically be driven without a CDL. Increase that rating to 26,001 pounds requires a CDL. The distinction often comes down to axle ratings, suspension components or intended hauling capacity, not how the truck looks.
Are There any Restrictions on Non-CDL Trucks?
Yes. While non-CDL trucks avoid certain federal requirements, they are not unregulated. Drivers must still meet age requirements, comply with state traffic and commercial vehicle laws, and have the proper insurance. Some non-CDL vehicles may still be subject to DOT inspections and log-keeping requirements. Rental and leasing companies, including Penske, typically have age requirements for commercial trucks.
Can Using Non-CDL Trucks Help Expand the Driver Pool?
Yes. Qualified CDL drivers are hard to find in some areas, and many companies are redesigning delivery routes and payloads to fit within non-CDL limits, especially for local and regional applications. Removing CDL requirements allows businesses to tap a larger pool of drivers and reduce some of the regulatory complexity associated with CDL operations. Non-CDL vehicles can also serve as an entry point for organizations that want to expand from within. Companies can invest in training to move non-CDL drivers into CDL roles.
What’s the Most Important Thing To Know Before Choosing Between a CDL and Non-CDL Truck?
Deciding which type of truck will work best is as much about understanding the available workforce and regulatory requirements as it is about capacity needs. Choosing the right vehicle means understanding not just what needs to be moved, but who will legally be allowed to do it, how easily those drivers can be hired or trained, and what regulatory obligations the business has to follow once the truck is on the road.
Work With Penske
Penske can work with customers to find the best rental or leased vehicles for their needs and priorities. Contact 1-844-847-9519 to speak to a specialist.